Two different systems, easy to confuse

EES and ETIAS are often mentioned in the same breath, which causes a lot of the confusion. They are not the same thing, they do not launch at the same time, and only one of them costs money.

EES, already live
  • A border check, not something you apply for in advance
  • Scans your fingerprints and face at the border instead of stamping your passport
  • No fee
  • Fully operational at all external EU borders since 10 April 2026
ETIAS, launching soon
  • An online authorisation you apply for before you travel
  • A short form covering your travel and security history
  • €20 fee for most adults, exemptions apply
  • Expected Q4 2026, becoming mandatory around April 2027

EES: what actually happens at the border

The Entry/Exit System replaces the manual passport stamp for non-EU nationals, including UK travellers, with a digital record. On your first crossing after EES applies to your route, border staff will capture your fingerprints and a facial photo, which are then used to automatically log your entries and exits on future trips. Children under 12 are not fingerprinted. There is nothing to apply for beforehand, and no fee, it simply happens at passport control. Expect this first registration to take a little longer than the passport stamp it replaces, particularly at busy periods while the system beds in.

ETIAS: the part you need to do in advance

ETIAS is closer to what US travellers know as ESTA. It is a short online form you complete before you travel, checked against security and immigration databases, and most applications are approved within minutes, though a small number take up to 96 hours if manual review is needed. Once approved, it is linked electronically to your passport, so there is nothing physical to print or carry.

The fee, and who is exempt

The European Commission confirmed the fee at €20 per application in July 2025, revised up from an originally proposed €7. Travellers under 18 and over 70 are exempt from paying, though they still need to complete the application itself. The €20 is a one-off cost covering the full validity period, not a per-trip charge.

How long it lasts

Once approved, an ETIAS authorisation is valid for 3 years, or until your passport expires, whichever comes first. Within that window, you can make as many short trips as you like to participating countries without reapplying.

Who needs it

ETIAS applies to travellers from visa-exempt countries who currently enter Europe with just a passport, including the UK, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea, among others. It covers the Schengen Area plus a small number of additional EU countries that are not full Schengen members. If your nationality already requires a Schengen visa, ETIAS does not apply to you, since you will continue going through the visa process instead.

The transition period

When ETIAS launches, most reporting points to roughly a six month grace period where entry without ETIAS may still be possible in some cases, with mandatory enforcement expected from around April 2027. Airlines will eventually be required to check ETIAS status before allowing you to board, so relying on the grace period rather than applying in good time is a genuine risk, not just a formality.

How the €20 fee compares

The increase from the original €7 proposal has drawn attention, but it broadly brings the EU in line with similar systems elsewhere, several of which have also risen recently.

SystemCountry or regionCurrent fee
ETIASEuropean Union€20
ESTAUnited States$40
UK ETAUnited Kingdom£20
eTACanadaCAD $7
ETAAustraliaAUD $20

Worth noting for UK travellers specifically: the UK's own ETA scheme, required for many visitors coming into Britain, rose from £16 to £20 in April 2026, so the direction of travel on these fees has been upward across several countries at once, not just within the EU.

What to actually do right now

If you are travelling to Europe before ETIAS launches, nothing changes for your visa-free entry, though you will encounter EES biometric checks at the border already. Once ETIAS opens for applications, plan to apply as soon as you have booked a trip rather than waiting, since a small number of applications need the longer manual review window. Bookmark the official EU ETIAS portal now so you are not searching for it under time pressure later, and be wary of any site charging more than the confirmed €20, since unofficial services charging inflated service fees have already been flagged as a problem before the system has even launched.

Common questions

Do I need ETIAS for a trip to Europe this year?
Not yet, if you are travelling before the system launches. ETIAS is expected in the fourth quarter of 2026, and until it opens for applications, visa-exempt travellers continue entering Europe exactly as before. You will, however, already encounter EES biometric checks at the border, which are separate and unrelated to ETIAS.
Is ETIAS a visa?
No. It is a lighter-touch travel authorisation for people who currently travel visa-free, similar in concept to the US ESTA or the UK's own ETA. It does not replace a Schengen visa for nationalities that already require one, and it does not guarantee entry, since border officers retain the final decision at the point of arrival.
Why did the ETIAS fee change from €7 to €20?
The European Commission confirmed the increase in July 2025, without detailing a single specific reason, though it broadly aligns the EU with similar recent fee increases elsewhere, including the US ESTA and the UK's own ETA scheme. The original €7 figure dates back to when the regulation was first proposed in 2018 and is now out of date.
What happens if I do not have EES or ETIAS when required?
EES is not something you can opt out of, it happens automatically at the border as part of passport control. For ETIAS, once the system is fully mandatory, airlines will be required to check your authorisation before boarding, so travelling without one risks being denied boarding entirely, not just facing extra checks on arrival.